英语中的强调、语序、倒装和省略一、强调:指突出句中的某一个部分,使其显得更加重要。1、It is/was+被强调的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。原句:They will have a meeting in the office tomorrow morning.It is they who /that will have a meeting in this office tomorrow morning.这里强调的是主语theyIt is a meeting that they will have in this office tomorrow morning.这句话强调的是宾语a meetingIt is tomorrow morning that they will have a meeting in this office.这句话强调的是时间状语tomorrow morningIt is in this office that they will have a meeting Tomorrow morning.这句话强调的是地点状语in this office2、使用强调句的注意事项(1)强调句中常强调主语,宾语,状语;可以强调单个的词,短语和从句。It本身没有意义。(2)强调句中连接词一般只有who,whom(强调人)和that(强调物)。在强调时间状语从句和地点状语从句的时候也是如此。(3) That或者who,whom之后动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。也就是说,人称和数要与原句中的一致,连接词不可以省略。(4)强调句中的时态有两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时,过去完成时,过去进行时的,通通都用it was...,其他的时态都用it is...。3、强调词it和形式主语it的区别可以用恢复原句的方式来判断。把it is/was...that去掉,如果剩下的词能够连成一个完整的句子,那么就是强调句型,否则就不是。4.、not...until句型的强调句It is was not until+被强调部分+that+其他成分。My father didn't start to work until/till ten o'clock.It was not until ten o 'clock that my father started to work.(强调句,且只用until)5、与倒装句的转换例句:I didn't notice it until/till yesterday.(原句)It was not until yesterday that I noticed it.(强调句)Not until yesterday did I notice it.(倒装句)6:谓语动词的强调It is/ was that...结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语需要用助动词do,does,did。例句:He did remember writing to you.He does work hard.二、语序英语中句子最常见的语序为主谓宾,主谓宾的语序和汉语的语序基本相似,但是英文句子中定语和状语的位置与汉语中的位置不同,我们着重说一下定语和状语的位置。1、定语的语序(1)当定语是形容词或者V-ing形式时, 多放在所修饰的词的前面,跟汉语一样。She is a beautiful girl. (Beautiful形容词做定语)I need some listening material.(Listening是动词ing作定语)(2)当定语是短语(介词短语,分词短语,不定式短语)或定语从句时,放在所修饰的名词后面。The student in red is from Asia.(in red是介词短语作定语)The young man who is having his lunch is my friend. (Who is having his lunch是定语从句做定语)(3)当定语是副词或者某些动词的过去分词时,放在所修饰的词的后边做定语。The women here are for you.(Here是副词做定语)I like the books written by him.(written by him过去分词做定语)2、状语的语序在句子中如果同时有时间状语和地点状语先地点,后时间;如果出现多个地点或者多个时间时,要先小后大。汉语中是先时间后地点,先大后小。The 28th Olympic games were held in Athens in 2004I stayed there for three weeks last year.三、倒装我们通常所说的语序是主语在前,谓语在后;如果谓语全部或者一部分提到了主语的前面就是倒装语序。一般倒装是由于语法结构的需要或者是为了强调。1、部分倒装部分倒装是谓语中的一部分(如情态动词,助动词或者系动词be)放在了主语前面,其余部分仍在主语后面。Only in this way can we work out the physics problem.Never had he had any experience like that.Not only is he a singer, but also he is a dancer.2、全部倒装全部倒装是句子中没有情态动词,助动词或系动词be时,要把谓语动词放在主语前面。如果主语是人称代词,则主谓不倒装。Here comes the bus.Up went the arrow into the sky.The door opened and out rushed the children.3、语法性倒装语法性倒装是由于语法上的需要必须倒装的句子。(1)疑问句中的倒装Are you playing basketball now?what color do you like?(2)There be 句型中的倒装There is no water in the space.Is there any milk in the bottle?(3)直接引语中的倒装直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首的时候,它的主语和谓语要倒装。当主语是代词或者谓语含有助动词时,一般不倒装。如果谓语比主语长或者他后边有宾语时,一般也不倒装。(4)省略if的虚拟语气条件句中的倒装If引导的虚拟语气条件,句中如果含有助动词,were,should或者had,可以倒装。were/should/had当if省略时,助动词were,should和had要倒装到主语之前,当if不省略时,主语和助动词用正常语序。Were/Should/Had +主语+......=if+主语+were/should/had+......Were I to solve this problem,I should do it in a different way.=If I were to solve this problem, I should do it in a different way.Should John come, I would let you know at once.=If John should come, I would let you know at once.Had you my troubles,you would despair.=If you had my troubles, you would disappear.(5)So, nor和neither用于句首时的倒装So nor和neither置于句首,用来说明前一句中位于表示的情况,也适用于该句的时候句子要倒装。倒装句中的助动词,情态动词系动词要和前语句中的保持一致。I have had my dinner.So have I.Will you go to the cinema this weekend?No,and neither will Tom.(6)As引导的让步状语从句中的倒装形容词+as+主语+系动词beAngry as my father was, he didn't blame me.=Although my father was angry, he didn't blame me.名词(不带冠词)+as+主语+系动词beScientist, as she is, she wants to learn more.=Although she is a scientist, she wants to learn more.副词+as+主语+行为动词Much as I like it, I won't buy it.Although/ though I like it much, I won't buy it.行为动词+as+主语+助动词Try as she does, she never seems able to succeed.Although she tries, she never seems able to succeed.4、修辞性倒装,意思是不是为了特意地加以强调,本句话可以不必倒装。(1)否定词放在句首时的倒装否定词+be动词/助动词+主语Hardly...when...Scarcely...when...No sooner...than...Not only...but also...Not only... but also...连接两个句子时,第一个句子倒装,第二个句子不倒装。Not only... but also...连接主语句子不倒装。(2)副词(短语)放在句首时的倒装Here,then,now,thus,such,there, so, out, in, up, down, away 等副词放在句首,句子要倒装,表强调。(3)Only+副词放在句首时的倒装Only放在句首时,如果强调的是一个词或者一个短语,需要倒装。only强调的是一个句子,从句不倒装,主句倒装。only强调的是主语,句子不倒装。(4)频率副词放在句首时的倒装频度副词always,often,once出现在句首时,句子要倒装。(5)其他情况为了保持句子平衡,或者为了强调表语或状语,或为了使上下文紧密衔接时需要倒装。To the list may be added the following names.四、省略1、句子成分的省略(1)省略主语(Thank you for coming.(2)省略谓语或谓语的一部分(Is there)Anything I can do for you?Do you often go to the cinema?No, I didn't (often go to the cinema).(3)省略主语或谓语中的主要部分Which magazine do you like best?The old one.= (I like) the old one best.(4)省略宾语Let's do the dishes. I will wash(the dishes) and you will dry( the dishes).(5)省略定语He spent part of the money and save the rest( of the money).2、复合句中的省略(1)宾语从句中的省略that在宾语从句中做连接词连接主语与宾语从句时可以省略。(2)定语从句中的省略关系代词在限定性定语从句中做宾语时可以省略。如果这次出现在关系代词前,关系代词不能省略,也不能用that。关系副词不能省略。关系代词that在定语从句中带替when, why, where等,可以省略。关系代词在定语从句中作表语时可以省略。(3)状语从句中的省略在目的结果状语从句中的省略。在比较状语从句中的省略。在时间,条件,让步方式等状语从句中,如果从句中的谓语有be动词,从句中的主语又和主句的主语相同,或者是it时,通常把从句中的主语和be动词都省略。(4)在虚拟语气中的省略3、不定式省略(1)省略不定式符号to后的动词,是指前面出现过的动词,在下文再次出现时,可以单纯使用不定式符号to省去动词。① 不定式作某些动词的宾语时这种情况通常用的动词有:like,love,care,hope,wish,Expect prefer refuse,mean,try, advise,agree,want,afford,forget,remember,manage等。Would you like to go with me?Yes, I would like to (go with you.)② 不定式在句中作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时常用动词有ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish, allow, permit等。She wants to come but her parents won't allow her to(come).③ 不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时常用的形容词有:happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等。④ 不定式作某些复合谓语时常用的结构有: be able to, be going to , have to, ought to, used to, mean to, mean to, try to等。当不定式与上述结构构成复合谓语时,省略to后的动词。(2)不定式符号to的省略What/how about you?Why not watch TV?2023.04.02 |